Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) for Building Environments

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Solutions for Healthy Living, Working, and Learning Building Environments

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) was an emerging concern to building owners, operators, managers, and tenants even before a global pandemic, and today the health implications of our indoor air is more relevant a topic than ever before. In schools, offices, multi-family buildings, hospitals, and healthcare facilities in particular, the public wants to be assured that their living, working, and learning environments are safe from environmental hazards and that steps have been taken to help reduce transmission risks of airborne illnesses and support their general wellbeing.

Hazardous environmental exposures and poor indoor air quality can cause health issues that include respiratory problems, headaches, cardiovascular problems, cancers, neurological and developmental problems, skin irritation, and reproductive issues. These are extremely concerning health and safety issues and ignoring them can carry major business consequences. Poor indoor air quality decreases worker productivity and increases stress, insurance costs, absenteeism, legal and financial liabilities, and the chances of forced evacuations or downtime, and broken or strained lease agreements.

Common reasons for poor indoor air quality include inadequate or poor ventilation and filtration, excessive moisture, indoor smoking, cleaning products, building materials and furnishings, poor maintenance of HVAC systems and local outdoor pollutants. As a result, these issues contribute to the buildup of indoor air pollutants and the spread of airborne illnesses, mold spores and other allergens, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). According to the EPA, levels of indoor air pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than outdoor levels.

Depending on our findings, mitigation steps might include the removal of contamination sources, recommended changes to operational or maintenance practices, increased ventilation, improved filtration, and in some cases the addition of supplemental air cleaning devices.

Every building, building system component and air quality situation is unique, and ultimately hundreds of variables may need to be considered to effectively problem solve speciﬁc air quality concerns. Thankfully, Intertek’s team of architects, environmental engineers and industrial hygienists specialize in assessing indoor air quality issues and implementing custom, effective, cost-conscious solutions to maintain healthy indoor environments.

Intertek’s Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) audits, assessments, and investigations cover:

Airborne Particulate Matter >10 microns (PM10) or PM2.5
Airborne Metals/Lead-Based Paint Dust
Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
Combustion fumes (i.e., diesel and carbon monoxide)
Mold and Mildew
Moisture
Comfort Parameters

Additional Specialty Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Solutions

WELL Building Standard Certification

The WELL Building standard provides a comprehensive certification of building design and operation to support occupant health and wellness. The WELL Health and Safety Rating gives building owners and occupants assurance that pathogen risk reduction best practices are in place. Intertek has a team of WELL Performance Testing Agents approved to perform WELL performance verification testing and inspection, and WELL Accredited Professionals, Industrial Hygienists and other experts who conduct air quality, water quality, lighting, acoustic and other performance testing in support of WELL certifications.

FitWel Certification

Similar to WELL, the FitWel certification system gives building owners and managers a complete framework for healthy building design and operation. Intertek assists clients with attaining FitWel certification by performing the required air and water quality testing.

LEED Air Quality Assessments

Intertek’s Industrial Hygiene experts perform the post-construction air quality testing required to earn the LEED Air Quality Assessment credit.

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Resources

Services Spotlight - Building Health & Wellness Services
On-demand Webinar - Managing Indoor Air Quality and Mitigating Occupational Exposure
Blog - Reducing GHG Emissions in the Built Environment
Blog - Building for Occupant Health and Wellbeing

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Frequently Asked Questions

A: Indoor air quality refers to the state of air inside of buildings and its impact on the health and comfort of occupants. According to the EPA, levels of indoor air pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than outdoor levels, and in some cases these levels can exceed 100 times that of outdoor levels of the same pollutants.

A: The science of indoor air quality is evolving. There are established standards that set minimum ventilation rates and recommend maximum concentrations of certain pollutants, focused on maintaining acceptable indoor air quality to protect human health. Recent studies have better quantified the impacts of pollutants on human health, comfort, and performance (e.g. cognitive function), defining new standards for optimal, not just acceptable, indoor air quality.

A: The four primary indoor air pollutants of concern in most buildings are carbon dioxide, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and ozone. Other pollutants of concern may include carbon monoxide in spaces with combustion equipment, mold in buildings with moisture issues, and radon in the lower floors of buildings in certain geographies where it is naturally present in soils.

A: Indoor air quality can be affected by the following factors:

Ventilation rates – Poor ventilation leads to higher concentrations of indoor pollutants.
Filtration – Lower efficiency filters do not remove fine particulate matter from outside air and recirculated air, poorly fit filters allow pollutant to bypass them without being captured, and infrequently maintained filters will clog and impede air flow resulting in poor ventilation.
Outdoor air quality – Outdoor air pollutants from industry, traffic, wildfires, and other sources, if not removed by high-efficiency filters, can result in poor indoor air quality.
Indoor pollutant sources – Interior finishes (e.g. carpet and paint), fixtures and furniture (e.g. composite wood and upholstery), cleaning chemicals, and equipment (e.g. copy machines) can introduce pollutants to indoor air, including volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and ozone. Additionally, vacuum cleaners without HEPA filters can re-suspend particulate matter and other pollutants that have settled in carpets.
Indoor moisture – Exterior leaks and interior condensation due to poorly designed or failed building enclosures, and interior leaks and condensation from plumbing and mechanical equipment can result in mold and mildew, which release spores that are allergens, respiratory irritants, and can lead to other more serious health impacts.

A: In existing buildings, treating IAQ issues begins with assessment and testing to identify specific pollutants of concern and the likely sources. Depending on the findings, recommended mitigations may include removal of pollutant sources, changes in operational practices, increased ventilation, improved filtration, and sometimes the addition of supplemental air cleaning devices. To avoid IAQ issues in new buildings, projects should include HVAC design for enhanced IAQ, specification of healthier materials and furniture, enclosure design to avoid moisture issues, and implementation of a construction indoor air management plan.

A: The primary causes of poor IAQ include:

Inadequate design or poor maintenance of ventilation systems
Inefficient or poorly maintained filters
Local/regional outdoor air pollution
Interior materials, equipment, and operation and maintenance practices that release pollutants
Leaks and other indoor moisture control issues

Intertek-PSI's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory

Intertek-PSI's in-house Industrial Hygiene Laboratory resource and differentiator for our comprehensive suite of environmental services. Our lab offers a wide range of analytical services that are crucial for environmental and occupational health assessments. Accredited by NVLAP and AIHA LAP, our experienced team delivers precise results, enabling clients to mitigate risks and uphold environmental stewardship.